Reference Variable in C++ PDF Download

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Reference Variable in C++

In the C++ programming language, a reference is a simple reference datatype that is less powerful but safer than the pointer type inherited from C. The name C++ reference may cause confusion, as in computer science a reference is a general concept datatype, with pointers and C++ references being specific reference datatype implementations. The definition of a reference in C++ is such that it does not need to exist. It can be implemented as a new name for an existing object.

C++ introduces a new kind of variable known as Reference Variable. It provides an alias (alternative name) for a previously defined variable. A reference variable must be initialized at the time of declaration. This establishes the correspondences between the reference and the data object which it name.

References vs Pointers

References are often confused with pointers but three major differences between references and pointers are −

• You cannot have NULL references. You must always be able to assume that a reference is connected to a legitimate piece of storage.
• Once a reference is initialized to an object, it cannot be changed to refer to another object. Pointers can be pointed to another object at any time.
• A reference must be initialized when it is created. Pointers can be initialized at any time.

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